Cannabidiol(CBD)

Cannabidiol (CBD) powder Base Information

Name	Cannabidiol（CBD）
Appearance	White to light yellow crystalline powder
Cas	13956-29-1
Assay	≥99%(HPLC)
Solubility	Soluble in oil, extremely soluble in ethanol and methanol, insoluble in water
Molecular Weight	314.46
Melt Point	62-63°C
Molecular Formula	C21H30O2
Source	Industrial hemp
Storage Temp	Room temperature, keep dry and away from light
Grade	Pharmaceutical Grade

 

What is Cannabidiol (CBD)?

Cannabidiol is known as CBD that is one of over 100 chemical compounds known as cannabinoids found in the cannabis or marijuana plant, Cannabis sativa. It is isolated and purified from the herbs of Cannabis sativa, only contains  very small amounts of THC. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are both interact with cannabinoid receptors throughout the body.Compared with 9-THC, CBD is nonintoxicating as it does not present psychoactive activity. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Upon on administration, cannabidiol (CBD) exerts its anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic activity through various mechanisms, which likely do not involve signaling by cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), CB2, or vanilloid receptor 1. CBD stimulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inhibits AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby activating autophagy and promoting apoptosis. In addition, CBD enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further enhances apoptosis. This agent also upregulates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP1) and decreases the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID-1). This inhibits cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. CBD may also activate the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2), which may increase the uptake of various cytotoxic agents in cancer cells. The analgesic effect of CBD is mediated through the binding of this agent to and activation of CB1. Cannabidiol is most commonly used for seizure disorder (epilepsy) or dravet syndrome and symptomatic relief of moderate to severe neuropathic pain or other painful conditions, like cancer. The FDA approved CBD in 2018, and it is the only FDA approved treatment for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome.

 

Cannabidiol (CBD) Mechanism of Action

The exact mechanism of action of CBD and THC is not currently fully understood. However, it is known that CBD acts on cannabinoid (CB) receptors of the endocannabinoid system, which are found in numerous areas of the body, including the peripheral and central nervous systems, including the brain. The endocannabinoid system regulates many physiological responses of the body including pain, memory, appetite, and mood. More specifically, CB1 receptors can be found within the pain pathways of the brain and spinal cord where they may affect CBD-induced analgesia and anxiolysis, and CB2 receptors have an effect on immune cells, where they may affect CBD-induced anti-inflammatory processes. Cannabidiol(CBD) is metabolism occurs in the liver and intestines. Smoking bioavailability is approximately 31%. CBD’s half-life after oromucosal spray is between 1.4 and 10.9 hours, 2 and 5 days after chronic oral consumption, and 31 hours after smoking. CBD will achieve a maximum plasma concentration between 0 and 4 hrs. CBD has been shown to act as a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, the most abundant G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) in the body. Allosteric regulation of a receptor is achieved through the modulation of the activity of a receptor on a functionally distinct site from the agonist or antagonist binding site. The negative allosteric modulatory effects of CBD are therapeutically important as direct agonists are limited by their psychomimetic effects while direct antagonists are limited by their depressant effects.

 

How To Use Cannabidiol (CBD)?

Cannabidiol(CBD) is a cannabis extract that is touted for its potential health benefits. The two most common ways to take it on the market are oral and topical， like capsules, tinctures, creams, and more.CBD oils are by far the most popular application style,  it is an efficient way to dose the cannabinoid. Swallowing several drops of CBD oil serves as the easiest and most streamlined way to consume the molecule in this fashion. Cannabidiol is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth or sprayed under the tongue appropriately. Cannabidiol in doses of up to 300 mg daily have been taken by mouth safely for up to 6 months. Higher doses of 1200-1500 mg daily have been taken by mouth safely for up to 4 weeks. A prescription cannabidiol product (Epidiolex) is approved to be taken by mouth in doses of up to 25 mg/kg daily. Cannabidiol sprays that are applied under the tongue have been used in doses of 2.5 mg for up to 2 weeks. One can also add CBD oil to food and drink to mask the taste. But for those looking to help with a dodgy knee or tight back, a cream might be preferred.

 

Cannabidiol (CBD) Benefit

Cannabidiol (CBD for short) is a naturally occurring cannabinoid derived from the cannabis plant. It is one of over one hundred cannabinoids identified in hemp plants. However, unlike the full cannabis plant, CBD does not contain THC which is responsible for the stoned/high feeling that the recreational drug provides. Extracted from the flowers and buds of the hemp plant, CBD is being pressed into oil and is increasingly popular to treat, and even prevent, a wide array of health issues in states where medicinal marijuana has now been legalized. CBD oil is stronger and more natural than most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Both substances can be extracted and enhanced for use through short path distillation. Users can get the following health benefits:

*Sleeplessness and Anxiety

*Neurodegenerative Disorders

*Regulate seizures

*.Mental Health & Mood-related Disorders

*Sleep Quality

* Pain Management

*Bone Health

* Addiction & Dependence

*Slow development of Alzheimer’s disease

*Treats inflammatory bowel diseases

*.Helps provide relief to individuals with multiple sclerosis

 

Cannabidiol (CBD) Side Effects

The commomly side effects of Cannabidiol(CBD) include drowsiness, gastrointestinal issues, dry mouth, reduced appetite, nausea, and interaction with other medications.

Cannabidiol (CBD) Application

Cannabidiol is most commonly used for seizure disorder (epilepsy), Cannabinoid are metabolized with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and inhibit predominantly the enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. THC and CBD have been found to inhibit CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 enzymes during in vitro studies. In addition CBD is a potent inhibitor of CYP2C1P and CYP3A4. As lot of clinical trials are underway, CBD demonstrates remarkable potential to become a supplemental therapy in various neurological conditions. It has been found to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. It has shown promise in the treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, chronic pain, trigeminal neuralgia, Crohn disease, Parkinson disease as well as psychiatric disorders.

Cannabidiol Summary

Cannabidiol is an orally available cannabinoid that is used to treat patients with refractory epilepsy due to Lennox-Gastaut or Dravet syndrome. Cannabidiol is associated with frequent serum enzyme elevations during therapy particularly with higher doses but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.

 

Reference

1.Britch SC, Babalonis S, Walsh SL.Cannabidiol: pharmacology and therapeutic targets.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Jan;238(1):9-28. doi: 10.1007/s00213-020-05712-8. PMID: 33221931.

2. Samanta D.Cannabidiol: A Review of Clinical Efficacy and Safety in Epilepsy.Pediatr Neurol. 2019 Jul;96:24-29. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol. PMID: 31053391.

3. Huestis MA, Solimini R, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Carlier J, Busardò FP.Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2019;17(10):974-989. doi: 10.2174/1570159X17666190603171901.PMID: 31161980.

4. Pisanti S, Malfitano AM etc Cannabidiol: State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Jul;175:133-150. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.PMID: 28232276.

5. Burstein S.Cannabidiol (CBD) and its analogs: a review of their effects on inflammation.Bioorg Med Chem. 2015 Apr 1;23(7):1377-85. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.059. PMID: 25703248.

 

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